Professor Masanori Kohda has been studying fish for 3 decades. His groundbreaking paper in 2019 showed that fish are capable of passing the famous mirror test. But more importantly, his research shows that how we have tried to test for consciousness over the past half century may be wrong.

In this video, we look at how he came to these conclusions.

The 2019 study: If a fish can pass the mark test, what are the implications for consciousness and self-awareness testing in animals?